regular medical and dental check-ups can help us maintain our health and prevent diseases

Introduction to dental check-ups

Even though many of us might think that our teeth are in good shape,regular visits to the family dentist are very important. Regular careand prevention of diseases in the mouth are the best possible care you can give your teeth. Tackling problems early on will save a lot of bother in the long run – it might save your tooth from an extraction or root canal therapy. It is important to visit your dentistat least once, but ideally twice, a year to get your teeth checked and cleaned.

Some non-dental conditions have symptoms that appear in the mouth. A dental examination can reveal signs of vitamin and iron deficiencies, osteoporosis, or more serious conditions such as diabetes, cancer, HIVand glandular fever, to name but a few.

Dental check-ups in children

By taking children to the family dentist, problems such as crowded, missing, and crooked teeth as well as problems associated with diet, dental hygiene, and the jaws can be addressed. The earlier a dentist discovers these problems, the less difficult and expensive the treatment becomes. The dentist may also recommend amouthguard for those children who play sport where a tooth can be damaged or knocked out.

Fissure sealants, which are small plastic fillings, can be placed in deep fissures (grooves) in the tooth. These are placed to prevent tooth decay in these deep fissures, which are often not easily cleaned by a toothbrush or mouthwash. Fissure sealants can be recommended at a dental check-up.

For more information on dental health in children, including teething, hygiene and nutrition for good teeth, see Dental Health in Children.

The exam

Firstly the soft tissues are checked for ulcerations or other lesions. The dentist will also check the jaws and associated muscles.

Then the teeth are checked carefully for cavities and broken fillings along with other possible problems with the tooth. Each tooth is checked sequentially to make sure nothing is missed.  The dentist will then check the gums and your general oral hygiene to ensure there are no problems there.

The dentist may then take radiographs if necessary. Usually two small radiographs of your back teeth are taken every two years or when you attend a new dentist.  There may be a need to take a panoramic radiograph as well, which gives a full view of both top and bottom jaws. These show any hidden decay between the teeth, trauma to the jaws, problems with wisdom teeth, and gum disease.

At the exam, the dentist will usually clean your teeth as well. You cannot remove hardened plaque (known ascalculus or tartar), thus the dentist needs to remove this regularly (every 6-12 months).

There are many more things the dentist can do to improve your dental hygiene and your smile.  Help with correctbrushing, flossing, diet, fluoride protection, overcoming tooth sensitivity, dry mouth, bad breath, replacing old fillings with decay, and replacing missing teeth with dental bridges, dentures and/or dental implants are some more of the topics that your dentist will be happy to discuss with you.

A beautiful smile

Once the exam is complete, the dentist can give you advice on what is required next. Treatment can be discussed to repair stained, chipped, crooked, and missing teeth, as well as those teeth with tooth decay and gum disease.

You can discuss special treatments to whiten teeth and consider coatings made of plastic or porcelain to improve the shape and colour of your teeth (veneers). It is important to remember that these are the last step in treatment; the most important part of a beautiful smile is a healthy smile, so tooth decay and gum disease must all be controlled before even thinking about these options.

I have to applaud the Malaysian government for trying to promote a healthier society with it’s current Anti-Smoking programs.

Firstly, over the years, cigarette prices kept increasing every year when we review our annual budgets. From when my freind started smoking 4 years ago, cigarettes were RM 3.70 for a pack of 20s. Now he buy a pack at RM 9. That’s more than doubled. The prices keeps going up, of course. But my freind am thankful that he can still stock up duty-free ciggies at RM 50 for 10 packs of 20s.

Recent review I read though, it seems this has not imapcted the sale of cigarettes as much. Of course, it helps deter the first time smokers like kids and all, but hard core smokers like myself –He not batting an eyelid. However, in Singapore and Europe, brands like Marlboro and Dunhill are ridiculously pricey. It’s almost a luxury to smoke. (And he  not trying to make this sound glamorous).

Secondly, my freind have stopped cigarette companies from public advertising. They’re immediately pulled from all print advertising on newspapers and magazines. Then, they’re taken off the airwaves on TV commercials. As if that’s not difficult enough for these guys, they’re also not allowed to promote events. This means all football and sports sponsorships. So, they started to advertised in closed events like dance clubs, raves, concerts, etc. Shortly, even that was banned. Now, cigarette companies can organise their oen dance functions but no branding is allowed in those events. A Kent / Mild 7 rave will have their company’s blue colours throughout the venue, but no mention of the brand name whatsoever.

Personally, I think it’s a good thing. Not that Advertising has been much of an influence to someone like me, anyways. But I am quie sure it hurts the overall ADEX (Advertising spend) of the Malaysian market. Also, it makes cigarette companies plan their spend much better.

Thirdly, they start implementing no-smoking in air-conditioned areas. That was in place for shopping malls (with the exception of Sungai Wang, I don’t know why) for awhile now. The extension of this ban to restaurants and hotels. There used to be smoking sections at most restaurants and hotel lobbies, now that is not the case. Thankfully, We live in a rather hot country that allows alot of al-fresco dining and drinking. So naturally, these outdoor areas are turned into smoking areas. Unlike Europe, we’re not shivering under the cold temperature, so that’s fine for most smokers. For bars and clubs, however, this is not implemented and with the shockingly poor ventilation at these places, the secondhand smoke gets intolerable sometimes.

He  still thankful that we’re not as strict as Singapore on this rule. In Singapore, smokers are now made like outcasts. You can’t just smoke anywhere even outdoors. At bars and clubs, it’s even no-smoking when you’re sitting outside. You have dedicated smoking areas outside. They have a tiny little 2 X 2 feet box with an ashtray that you can stand and smoke. You can’t just walk and smoke or… God forbid, step out of your smoking “box”.
>
Fourthly, we recently started including really gruesome and gross warning images on our cigarette packaging. This was a laughing matter when Singapore implemented this for Malaysians. My freind were enjoying image-free packaging and we mock our neighbours. Now, My freind have to live with really ugly cancer, dead foetus and other horrible images. HE even have a friend who can live with some of the foot images and stuff but not the dead baby. So she picks packaging with pictures she can handle.

Also, this effort increases the sale of el-cheapo cigarette boxes. Cigarette companies also start selling their own metal boxes so people can transfer their ciggies to a nicer looking box. He have one chrome one that he have received compliments for, as well. Not bad for a RM 30 purchase. Actually, with my duty-free cigarettes, He don’t have the problem of the disgusting images. \

Although,My freind  did hear that even duty-free ciggies have the warning images.
Lastly, also the fact that the government has spent a lot of money on their Anti-Smoking campaign. Mostly targeted at the youth to stop beingthe new generation of smokers in the country. The “Tak Nak” (translation : Don’t Want) campaign has been quite well known and (I hope) has been very effective for the new generation.

I have a few friends who have successfully quit smoking. At the beginning of the year, you will always come across a few people who have put “Quit Smoking” on their list of New Year’s Resolution. But very often, these resolution never succeeds. I am not saying that they are doomed to fail, but successful changes like these are mostly done out of sheer willpower on no special ocassions.

Geoff, for example, have stopped smoking for about 2 weeks now. My freind both attempted this at the start of this year. I bought nicotine patches and inhalors. They’re not cheap, mind you. While he was sucking on the “straw”, Geoff broke the pact by smoking a pack on a drinking outing on a Thursday night.

This time round, he was down with the flu. He was coughing alot and was just not enjoying his cigarettes as much. So he stopped for a few days while he was ill. When he was recovering, he just didn’t pick it up again. Now, it’s almost 2 weeks and he’s doing good. He’s starting to eat healthier and exercising again, so it helped him with his overall goal. His biggest test – drinking – was successful, too. He was tempted to pick a ciggie up but his willpower was strong enough. Also chewing a straw helped.

Despite what he’s telling you –My freind  wasn’t tempting him or pushing cigarettes at him. He just roll my eyes at him and wish him the best. He have seen these attempts many times before. Well, let’s just say, I wish him good luck.

Personally, he might quit one day. he averaging a pack of 20s a day. Sometimes more if it’s a stressful day. Or a sleepy day. He tell myself I will quit one day. I think that day will be when I conceive. . So, no real motivation now. He know that people tell me that I should quit when we’re trying for a better chance of conceiving. Again, not trying now. So no need to quit yet.

Of course, everyone (non-smokers) around me tell he that it’s healthier and he should just quit, generally. He know. As an intelligent person, he know the consequences and the effects of smoking on myself. But he believe that it all boils down to sheer personal motivation and willpower. Right now, if  he don’t want to quit – even if I try to quit, he won’t sustain.

Geoff could be a motivator and might be able to help he quit now that he has stopped himself. he might join one day.  MIGHT….

he am not that bad or that hard core of a smoker. he might quit one day. Also, my past attempts when he was younger, he had very bad withdrawal symptoms.he I was tearing and had running nose when he went cold turkey. But recently, he better. hecan survive a long haul flight without smoking. It’s good.

I believe there’s 2 categories of smokers. Either it’s an addiction or it’s habit. If it’s addiction, the nicotine patches, gums and inhalors might help. These feeds you with your daily dose of nicotine. Although, I did hear that smoking with a patch is nicer. I have also heard that smoking with a patch gives you nicotine overdose and you can pass out or vomit.

If it’s a habit, he know of fake cigarettes that you can buy. It’s shaped of a cigarrete but you just don’t light it. This is helpful for people who automatically reach for a cigarette after a meal or when drinking. This fake cigarette helps that you’re holding something in your hand and combats the habit of reaching or lighting a real one. It’s true for me sometimes, he chain smoke sometimes for the sake of having a ciggie in my hand.

What kind of smoker are you? Addicted to nicotine or just a force of habit? he a cross between addiction and habit. That’s why he can’t go cold turkey, he have to cut down and out. Then  have had way too much advise to quit already. If he’re planning to comment and tell me to go ahead and quit – He should stop you just there. If he scroll up a little, you will know that he will quit when he want to. He need to build my own motivation and willpower. Not peer pressure.

I don’t think it’s that bad of a habit anyways. It could be worse – I could be a druggie, an alkie (that’s alcoholic). I only have this one bad vice.

my self

my self

My name is Muhammad Shafie Bin Md Saad.
I'm a guy and I was born on 2 september,1994 in perak.
you can call me pie,I'm 18 years old.
I stay at kampung setia jaya.
I have 5 sibling,I always want to be a good person because
I want to take a good care of my family when my father passed away.
I'm currently doing a part-time job to earn some money to help my family.
I dont want to burden my parents.
My employers name are Jawaid Iqbal Bin Ghulam Kadir,
he is a very good person.
He always help me when I was stuck in the middle of hardship.
He have his own catering,his catering name is AR Catering and suppliers.
So if you want to run a party,wedding,high tea or any ceremony you can lend it to us,
and we can manage it with prefectly,for sure!
 He always motivate me to study hard,because I want to be a lecturer.
My teachers also support me when I said I want to further my study to form 6.
I'm very appreciated to my employers and teachers because their supported.I'm very grateful because I have a very good family,always support me and very care with my self.So,that's the end my simple story,have a nice day,keep your nice smile in your face,and peace! ^_^

social issues vandalism

SOCIAL ISSUES VANDALISM

This guide addresses school vandalism and break-ins, describing the problem and reviewing the risk factors. It also discusses the associated problems of school burglaries and arson. The guide then identifies a series of questions to help you analyze your local problem. Finally, it reviews responses to the problem, and what is known about them from evaluative research and police practice.

The term school vandalism refers to willful or malicious damage to school grounds and buildings or furnishings and equipment. Specific examples include glass breakage, graffiti, and general property destruction. The term school break-in refers to an unauthorized entry into a school building when the school is closed (e.g., after hours, on weekends, on school holidays).


School vandalism and break-ins are similar to vandalism and break-ins elsewhere, and some of the responses discussed here may be effective in other settings. However, schools are unique environments; the factors underlying school vandalism and break-ins differ from those underlying similar acts elsewhere, and therefore must be analyzed separately.

School break-ins typically fall into one of three categories:

• Nuisance break-ins, in which youth break into a school building, seemingly as an end in itself. They cause little serious damage and usually take nothing of value.
• Professional break-ins, in which offenders use a high level of skill to enter the school, break into storage rooms containing expensive equipment, and remove bulky items from the scene. They commit little incidental damage and may receive a lot of money for the stolen goods.
• Malicious break-ins entail significant damage to the school’s interior and may include arson. Offenders sometimes destroy rather than steal items of value.1

While school vandalism and break-ins generally comprise many often-trivial incidents, in the aggregate, they pose a serious problem for schools and communities, and the police and fire departments charged with protecting them. Many school fires originate as arson or during an act of vandalism.2 Though less frequent than other types of school vandalism, arson has significant potential to harm students and staff. In the United Kingdom in 2000, approximately one-third of school arson fires occurred during school hours, when students were present, a significant proportional increase since 1990.3

Over the past two decades, concerns about school violence, weapons, drugs, and gangs have eclipsed concern and discussion about school vandalism, its causes, and possible responses. However, even as concerns about student and staff safety from violence have become school administrators’ top priority, vandalism and break-ins continue to occur regularly and to affect a significant proportion of U.S. schools. From 1996 to 1997, the incidence of murder, suicide, rape, assault with a weapon, and robbery at schools was very low.4 In contrast, over one-third of the nation’s 84,000 public schools reported at least one incident of vandalism, totaling 99,000 separate incidents.5

These statistics likely fail to reveal the magnitude of the problem. While the U.S. Department of Education, major education associations, and national organizations regularly compile data on school-related violence, weapons, and gang activity, they do not do so regarding school vandalism and break-ins. One reason for this may be that schools define vandalism very differently—some include both intentional and accidental damage, some report only those incidents that result in an insurance claim, and some include only those incidents for which insurance does not cover the costs.6 School administrators may hesitate to report all cases of vandalism, break-ins, or arson because they view some as trivial, or because they fear it will reflect poorly on their management skills.7 Partially because of the failure to report, few perpetrators are apprehended, and even fewer are prosecuted.8

The lack of consistency in reporting school vandalism and break-ins means that cost estimates are similarly imprecise. Vandalism costs are usually the result of numerous small incidents, rather than more-serious incidents. Various estimates reveal that the costs of school vandalism are both high and increasing.9 In 1970, costs of school vandalism in the United States were estimated at $200 million, climbing to an estimated $600 million in 1990.10 Not only does school vandalism have fiscal consequences associated with repairing or replacing damaged or stolen property and paying higher insurance premiums if schools are not self-insured, but it also takes its toll in terms of aspects such as difficulties in finding temporary accommodations and negative effects on student, staff, and community morale.

Not all incidents of vandalism and break-ins have the same effect on the school environment. Again, two useful dimensions for understanding the problem’s impact are the monetary cost (where the repair charges are high), and the social cost (where the event has a significant negative impact on student, staff, and community morale). Events with high monetary and social costs typically occur less frequently than those with low monetary and social costs.11

HEALTH

Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain(as in "good health" or "healthy").^[1] The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."^[2][3] Although this definition has been subject to controversy, in particular as having a lack of operational value and the problem created by use of the word "complete", it remains the most enduring.^[4][5] Classification systems such as the WHO Family of International Classifications, including the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), are commonly used to define and measure the components of health.

The maintenance and promotion of health is achieved through different combination of physical,mental, and social well-being, together sometimes referred to as the "health triangle".^[6][7] The WHO's 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion furthered that health is not just a state, but also "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities."^[8]

Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are delivered by health care providers. Applications with regard to animal health are covered by the veterinary sciences. The term "healthy" is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of healthy communities,healthy cities or healthy environments. In addition to health care interventions and a person's surroundings, a number of other factors are known to influence the health status of individuals, including their background, lifestyle, and economic and social conditions; these are referred to as "determinants of health".

CULTURE

The culture of Malaysia draws on the varied cultures of the different people of Malaysia. The first people to live in the area were indigenous tribes that still remain; they were followed by the Malays, who moved there from mainland Asia in ancient times. Chinese and Indian cultural influences made their mark when trade began with those countries, and increased with immigration to Malaysia. Other cultures that heavily influenced that of Malaysia include Persian, Arabic, and British. The many different ethnicities that currently exist in Malaysia have their own unique and distinctive cultural identities, with some crossover.

Arts and music have a long tradition in Malaysia, with Malay art dating back to the Malay sultanates. Traditional art was centred around fields such as carving, silversmithing, and weaving. Islamic taboos restricted artwork depicting humans until the mid-20th century. Performing arts and shadow puppet shows are popular, and often show Indian influences. Various influences can be seen in architecture, from individual cultures in Malaysia and from other countries. Large modern structures have been built, including the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Twin Towers, . Malaysian music has a variety of origins, and is largely based around percussion instruments. Much early Malaysian literature was based on Indian epics, which remained unchanged even as Malays converted to Islam; this has expanded in recent decades. English literature remained restricted to the higher class until the arrival of the printing press. Locally created Chinese and Indian literature appeared in the 19th century.

Cuisine is often divided along ethnic lines, but some dishes exist which have mixed foods from different ethnicities. Each major religious group has its major holy days declared as official holidays. Official holidays differ by state; the most widespread one is Hari Merdeka, which celebrates the independence of Malaya. Although festivals often stem from a specific ethnic background, they are celebrated by all people in Malaysia. Traditional sports are popular in Malaysia, while it has become a powerhouse in international sports such asbadminton. Malaysia hosted the Commonwealth Games in 1998, the first Commonwealth Games where the torch passed through more countries than England and the host.

The Malaysian government has taken the step of defining Malaysian Culture through the "1971 National Culture Policy", which defined what was considered official culture, basing it around Malay culture and integrating Islamic influences. This especially affected language; only Malay texts are considered official cultural texts. Government control over the media is strong, and most media outlets are related to the government in some way.